THEORY OF MACHINES

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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

B.E. 5TH Semester

Subject Code: 2151902

THEORY OF MACHINES

  1. Gyroscope: Principle of gyroscope, Definition of axes, active and reactive couples; Roll, Yaw and Pitch motions; Gyroscopic effect in a rotor, two wheelers, Four wheelers, ship and Airplane.
  2. Friction Devices: Clutches, Brakes and Dynamometers: Classification of clutches, torque transmission capacity, consideration for uniform wear and uniform pressure theory, single plate and multi-plate clutch, centrifugal clutch. Energy equation and thermal considerations. Classification of brakes, Braking effect, Analysis of Brakes: Block Brake, Band Brake, Band and Block brake, Internal expansion shoe brake; Braking analysis of four wheelers. Classification of Dynamometers, Analysis of Dynamometers: Prony brake, Rope brake, Hydraulic, Belt Transmission, Epicyclic- Train and Bevis-Gibson torsion.
  3. Flywheels: Significance of flywheels, turning moment and crank effort diagrams for reciprocating machines, coefficient of fluctuation of speed and energy, limiting velocity of flywheels, Design of flywheels for engine and punching machines.
  4. Governors: Necessity of governor, Classification of Governors, Working principle of centrifugal governors, Concept of control force, Control force diagram, Stability of governor, Condition for stability, Concept of isochronism, Sensitivity of governor, Characteristic of governors, Hunting of governors.
  5. Introduction to Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion, Applied and constraint forces, Free body diagram, conditions for equilibrium, Two and Three forces members, four force members, Friction force, Static force analysis with friction. Centroid and Centre of Mass, Mass Moments and product of inertia, Inertia forces and D’Alembert’s Principle. Planar rotation about fixed center, shaking forces and moments, Complex algebra approach, Equation of motion. Application of concepts to dynamic analysis of slider-crank mechanisms and 4-bar mechanisms. Spatial: Measuring mass moments of Inertia, Transformation of Inertia axes, Euler’s equation of motion, Impulse and momentum, Angular impulse and momentum.

 

 

Gyroscope

1
Introduction to Gyroscopic Effect
2
Gyroscope
3
Precessional Angular Motion
4
Concept of Gyroscopic Couple
5
Gyroscopic Effect on Aeroplanes
6
Gyroscopic Effect on Ships
7
Gyroscopic Stabilization
8
Stabilization of Ships
9
Stability of Four-Wheel Vehicle Moving in Curved Path
10
Stability of Four-Wheel Vehicle Moving in Curved Path with Banking
11
Staibility of Two Wheel Vehicle Moving in Curved Path
12
Gyroscopic Effect on Inclined Rotating Disc

Friction Devices: Clutches-Brakes and Dynamometers

1
Introduction to Pivot and Collar Friction
2
Types of Pivot Bearings
3
Clutch
4
Types of Clutches
5
Introduction to Brakes
6
Classification of Brakes
7
Block or Shoe Brakes
8
Band Brakes
9
Band and Block Brake
10
Internal Expanding Shoe Brake
11
Braking of a Vehicle
12
Hydraulic Brakes
13
Disc Brakes
14
Pneumatic (Air) Brake
15
Vacuum Brakes
16
Dynamometers
17
Types of Dynamometers

Flywheel

1
Review of Basic Concepts
2
Turning Moment Diagram
3
Turning Moment Diagram for a Single Cylinder Double Acting Reciprocating Steam Engine
4
Turning Moment Diagram for a Single Cylinder Four Stroke IC Engine
5
Turning Moment Diagram for Multicylinder Engine (For Two Cylinder Double Acting Steam Engine)
6
Turning Moment Diagram for Multicylinder in Line Four Stroke IC Engine
7
Application of Turning Moment Diagram
8
Flywheels
9
Coefficient of Fluctuation of Speed of Flywheel
10
Coefficient of Fluctuation of Energy of Flywheel
11
Size of Flywheel
12
The Flywheel in Punching Press

Governors

1
Introduction
2
Comparison between Flywheel and Governor
3
Types of Governors
4
Centrifugal Governor
5
Inertia Governor
6
Terminology used in Governor
7
Watt Governor
8
Porter Governor
9
Proell Governor
10
Hartnell Governor
11
Performance Characteristics of Governors
12
Governor Effort and Power
13
Controlling Force
14
Insensitiveness of Governors (Effect of Governor)
15
Wilson Hartnell Governor

Introduction to Dynamics

1
Introduction
2
Newton’s Laws
3
Equations of Equilibrium or Conditions for Equilibrium
4
Equilibrium of Two-force and Three-force Systems
5
Concept of Force and Couple
6
Free Body Diagrams (F.B.D)
7
Methods of Static Force Analysis of Simple Mechanisms
8
Static Force Analysis of Mechanisms with Considering Frictional Forces
9
Important Definitions
10
Centroid and Center of Mass
11
Mass Moments and Products of Inertia
12
Planner Rotation about a Fixed Center
13
D’Alembert’s Principle
14
Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M)
15
Radius of Gyration of Rigid Bodies
16
Dynamically Equivalent System or Kinematically Equivalent System
17
Correction Couple
18
Force Analysis in IC Engine Mechanism
19
Shaking Forces and Shaking Moments
20
Complex Algebra Approach for Dynamic Force Analysis
21
Equation of Motion of a Mechanism
22
Transformation of Inertia Axes
23
Euler’s Equations of Motion
24
Impulse and Momentum
25
Angular Impulse and Angular Momentum

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Course available for 180 days
Enrolled: 2 students
Lectures: 81

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