ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (02)
/MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (19)
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
SUBJECT CODE : 213905
B.E 3rd SEMESTER
- Basic Concepts :- Microscopic & Macroscopic point of view, thermodynamic system and control volume, thermodynamic properties, processes and cycles, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Quasi – static process
- First Law of Thermodynamics:- First law for a closed system undergoing a cycle and change of state, energy, PMM1, first law of thermodynamics for steady flow process, steady flow energy equation applied to nozzle, diffuser, boiler, turbine, compressor, pump, heat exchanger and throttling process, filling and emptying process
- Second law of thermodynamics :- Limitation of first law of thermodynamics, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statement and their equivalence, PMM2, causes of irreversibility, Carnot theorem, corollary of Carnot theorem, thermodynamic temperature scale
- Entropy :- Clausius theorem, property of entropy, inequality of Clausius, entropy change in an irreversible process, principle of increase of entropy, entropy change for non- flow and flow processes, third law of thermodynamics
- Energy :- Energy of a heat input in a cycle, exergy destruction in heat transfer process, exergy of finite heat capacity body, exergy of closed and steady flow system, irreversibility and Gouy -Stodola theorem and its applications, second law of efficiency
- Vapor Power cycles :- Carnot vapor cycle, Rankine cycle, comparison of Carnot and Rankine cycle, calculation of cycle efficiencies, variables affecting efficiency of Ranine cycle, reheat cycle, regenerative cycle, reheat – regenerative cycle, feedwater heaters,
- Gas Power cycles :- Recapitulation of Carnot, Otto and Diesel cycle, Dual cycle, Compression of Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles, air standard efficiency, mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency, relative efficiency, Brayton cycle, effect of reheat, regeneration, intercooling and turbine and compressor efficiency on Brayton cycle
- Properties of gases and gas mixtures:- Avogadro’s law, equation of state, ideal gas equation, Vander Waal’s equation, reduced properties, law of corresponding states, compressibility chart, Gibbs- Dalton law, internal energy; enthalpy and specific heat of a gas mixtures
Basic Concepts
1
Introduction
2
Microscopic and macroscopic point of view
3
Thermodynamic system and control volume
4
Thermodynamic properties
5
State, process and cycle
6
Thermodynamic equilibrium
7
Quasi-Static process
8
Pure substance
9
Vapour- liquid solid phase in a pure substances
10
Critical and triple point of pure substance
11
p-v-T surface
12
Work and Heat Transfer
13
Point function and path function
14
Temperature and zeroth law of thermodynamics
15
Continuum
First Law of Thermodynamics
1
Introduction
2
First law of thermodynamics for a closed system undergoing a cycle
3
First law of thermodynamics for a closed system undergoing a change of state
4
Energy – a property of system
5
Perpetual motion machine of the first kind – PMM1
6
Non- flow process and flow process
7
Flow process and control volume
8
Steady and unsteady flow process
9
Steady flow energy equation (SFEE)
10
Engineering Application of SFEE
11
Unsteady flow processes : filling and emptying process
12
Flow and non-flow work
Second Law of Thermodynamics
1
Limitation of the first law of thermodynamics
2
Thermal energy reservoirs
3
Heat engines
4
Heat pumps and refrigerators
5
Kelvin – Plank statement of second law of thermodynamics
6
Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics
7
Equivalence of Kelvin- Plank and Clausius statements
8
Comparison between Kelvin- Plank and Clausius statements
9
Perpetual motion machine of second kind (PMM2)
10
Carnot cycle and Carnot heat pump
11
Carnot theorem
12
Corollary of Carnot theorem
Entropy
1
Introduction – Entropy
2
Clausius theorem
3
Entropy is a property
4
Inequality of Clausius
5
Entropy change for open system
6
Reversible and irreversible process
7
Principle of increase of entropy or change in entropy of the universe
8
Applications of entropy principle
9
Temperature entropy (T-S) diagram
10
Entropy change during thermodynamic process
11
Entropy change for pure substance
12
Third law of thermodynamics (Nernst law)
Exergy and irreversibility
1
Introduction to exergy
2
Exergy ( available energy ) referred to a cycle
3
Lost work – Exergy destruction in heat transfer process
4
Exergy ( availability ) of closed system (non- flow process)
5
Exergy ( availability) of steady flow open system
6
Reversibility and irreversibility
7
Irreversibility Gauy Stodola Theorem
8
Applications of Gauy Stodola equation
9
Second law efficiency or effectiveness
10
Availability, irreversibility and second law efficiency (effectiveness) of open system
Vapour Power Cycles
1
Introduction
2
Carnot vapour cycle
3
Rankine cycle
4
Comparison of Carnot and Rankine cycles
5
Variables affecting efficiency of Rankine cycle
6
Difference between actual vapour cycle and ideal vapour cycle
7
Reheat cycle
8
Regenerative cycle
9
Reheat Regenerative Cycle
Gas Power Cycles
1
Introduction
2
Carnot cycle
3
Otto cycle or constant volume cycle
4
Diesel Cycle ( Constant Pressure Heat Addition Cycle)
5
Dual cycle or Limited pressure cycle or Mixed cycle
6
Comparision of Otto Diesel and Dual cycles
7
Brake thermal and relative efficiencies
8
Brayton Cycle
9
Actual Brayton cycle
10
Effect of operating variables on efficiency of Brayton cycle
11
Effect of intercooling on Brayton cycle
12
Effect of regeneration on Brayton cycle
13
Effect of reheating on Brayton cycle
14
Effect of intercooling and regeneration on Brayton cycle
15
Effect of intercooling and reheating on Brayton cycle
16
Effect of reheating and regeneration on Brayton cycle
17
Effect of intercooling reheating and regeneration on Brayton cycle
Properties of gases and gas mixtures
1
Avogadro’s law
2
Equation of state
3
Ideal gas equation
4
Van der Waal’s equation
5
Reduced properties
6
Law of corresponding states
7
Compressibility chart
8
Gibbs-Dalton Law
9
Volumetric analysis of a gas mixture
10
Apparent molecular weight and Gas constant
11
Specific heat of a gas mixture
12
Adiabatic mixing of perfect gases
13
Gas and Vapour mixtures
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